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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. H. G. WOOD. PANORAMIG CAMERA.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3. H. G. WOOD.

PANORAMIG CAMERA.

Patented July 23, 1895.

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PANORAMIC CAMERA.

No. 543,281. Patented July 23, 1895.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE..

HORATIO GATES VOOD, OF NEVPORT, RHODE ISLAND.

PANORAMIC CAMERA.

SPECFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 543,281, dated July 23, 1895.

Application tiled April l2, 1895. Serial No. 545.482. (No model.)

T0 all wton it may concern:

Be it known that I, HoRATro Gares WOOD, of Newport, in the county of Newport and State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and Improved Panoramic Photographic Camera, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

rlhe object of the invention is to provide a new and improved panoramic photographic camera, which is comparatively simple and durable in construction, Very effective in operation, and arranged to take and obtain perfect single views or panoramic views either in series or in a continuous view.

The invention consists, principally, ot a revoluble camera-casing having a dark' chamber,into which extends the lens, a slide in the back of the chamber, and a film-feeding device outside ot the said chamber, but within the casing, the said device being adapted to feed the iilm over the slide either intermittently or continuously, as desired.

The invention also consists of certain parts and details and combinations of the same, as will be fully described hereinafter, and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this speciiication, in which similar letters ot' reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure l is a sectional side elevation of the camera. Fig. 2 is a plan View of part ot the same. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan View of the camera on the line 3 3 of Fig. l. Y Fig. et is a transverse section of the same on the line et 4 of Fig. l, showing the shutter mechanism. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of the camera on the line 5 5 of Fig. l. Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of part of the camera. Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view of a modified form of the camera. Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of the same. Fig. 9 is a reduced inverted plan view of the camera. Fig. l0 is a side elevation, with part in section, of an extensiontripod; and Fig. ll is a plan view of a slide for use in making panoramic views in series.

The improved panoramic photographiccamera is provided with a cameracasing A, formed in its front A with openings A2 A3, of which the opening A2 registers with a lens B, secured in a transverse partition O, arranged within the camera-casing A,in the rear of the front A', as is plainly shown in the drawings. The other opening As registers with the lens D for a finder E of the usual construction, to permit the user ot the camera to view the pic ture from the top of the casing in the usual manner. The lens B projects into a dark chamber F, arranged within the camera-easing A and formed with au inclined bottom F and a correspondingly-arranged side F2, as will be readily understood by reference to Figs. 1 and 5, the back ot' the dark chamber being the rear end A4 of the casing and the other side and topv of the chamber being formed by the corresponding side and top ot the casing A. f

In the chamber' F and at the rear end thereot is held removably a slide G, over which is adapted to pass the film H, prepared in the usual manner and adapted to form the negative of the picture to be taken by the camera, irrespective ot whether the said picture is to be produced by a snap-shot or in the form of a panoramic view, continuous or in series, as hereinafter more fully explained.

The slide G is preferably made removable, and diiTerent slides are used for making snapshots and panoramic views in series or continuous panoramic views. As shown in Figs. l and the slide G is to be used for making a continuous panoramic view, and this slide is fitted at one side against a stop A5, secured to the inside of the casing A, and at its other side abuts the inner end ot the side F2 of the dark chamber F. 'lhe slide G is provided at its back and at or near each corner with a bent wire G', lforming a rest adapted to abut againstthe inner surface of the back Aiof the camera-casing.

In the slide G and in alignment with the center of the lens B is arranged a slot G2 disposed vertically and adapted to be increased or decreased in width by a plate G3 fitted to slide transversely in suitable bearings attached to the upper and lower end of the slide G, as will be readily understood by reference to the drawings.

The film H passes overa guide G4, disposed vertically and forming part of the slide G, but in the rear ot the slot G2, so that the ijlm Hin passing over this guide G4 is exposed to the rays of light passing through the lens B and slot G2 from the outside of the camera. The iilm l-l passes over a vertically-disposed rod I, secured in the camera-casing outside the chamber F, as is plainly shown in Fig. 5, and the said film unwinds from a roller J, disposed IOS t the layer over the roller L.

vertically in the camera-casing, as plainly indicated in Fig. 5, the film passing from the said roller .I over the rod I and guide G4 to pass in the rear of the slot G2 and then back to the rod I, to then pass over a spool K, secured on a shaft K', mounted to turn in suitable bearings attached to the top and bottom of the camera-casing A. The film H, after leaving the roller K, passes upon a roller L for winding up the exposed part of the lm, the said roller being secured on a shaft L provided with a pulley L2 connected by a belt L3, of rubber or other suitable material, with a pulley L4 secured on the shaft K of the roller K.

The shaft L is journaled in bearings L5 fitted to slide in bearings L5, and pressed on by springs L5, so that the roller L is pressed in the direction of the roller K to cause the film H to be pressed tightly in position on the roller K and the roller L. Thus when the film is wound up on the roller L to increase the diameter of this roller, the springs L7 yield sufficiently to permit the roll to increase in diameter without, however, moving the film out of contact with the rollerL at the contactpoints of the layer of film on the roller K and rlhe roller K is provided on its shaft K' with a gearwheel K2 in mesh with a larger gearwheel K5, mounted to rotate loosely on la shaft N, secured in a disk O', attached by screws or other means-in the upper end of the tripod O, as is plainly shown in Fig. l. The gear-wheel K3 carries on its face a spring-pressed pawl K4 in mesh with a ratchet-wheel K5, secured on the shaft N, so that when the camera-casing A is turned by the operator in one direction the gear-Wheels K2 and K8 will simply roll off without turning the roller K; but when turned in an opposite direction the roller K is rotated to exert a pull on the film H to wind up the latter on the roller K and to unwind the same from the spool J, the film then passing over the guide G4during the exposure, as hereinafter more fully described.

After the camera has been revolved, and when it is desired wto return it-to the normal position,'this return may be effected either by revolving the casing manually or by means of a coil-spring P, secured atits inner end to the shaft N and havinar its outer end removably fastened to a pin P through the medium of an eye formed on said end. The pin P' is attached to an arm P2, which is in turn connected toa rod P3, fitted to slide vertically in suitable bearings in the casing A, and the upper end of the said rod P5 is provided with a button P4, whereby the rod may be moved longitudinally. Thus when the parts are so connected the revolution of the camera in the operation of photographing results in the ceiling up of the spring P, and when the rst revolution has been completed and it is desired to return the camera the said spring will react and return the camera by uncoiling.

Should it be desired-to effect the return of the camera by manual means, the rod P3 may be moved upwardly, so as to disenga-ge the pin P and the coil-spring,.whereupon the coilspring will be inoperative and will have no effect on the operation of the device.

On the shaft N is also secured a wheel Q,

provided in its periphery with notches Q', about nine in number, and placed equal distances apart, the notches being adapted to be engaged by a bolt Q2, fitted to slide longitudinally in bearings Q5, attached to the upper surface of the bottom A6 of the casing A. rlhe rear end of the bolt Q2 is pressed on by a spring Q4, so as to engage the said bolt with a notch Q' whenever t-he latter registers with the front end of the bolt.

The bolt is provided with a downwardly-extending knob Q5 passing through a slot in the bottom A6 and engaged by an arm Q5, formed with two notches, either of which can be moved in engagement with a pin Q7, secured to the under side of the bottom A5. By pulling the arm Q6 the bolt Q2 may be withdrawn from the corresponding notch in the Wheel Q to permit the casing A to be revolved either by hand or byaspring-power, aspreviously described, and either forafull revolution or for only part of the same, as the case may be. rlhus, -when the bolt Q2 is withdrawn from a notch by pulling on the armv Q5, then, on releasing the said arm and turning the casing A, the latter will revolve one-ninth of a revolution, as the bolt Q2 will snap into the next notch Q in the wheel Q to fasten the cameracasing in place relative to the shaft N.

In order to mark the film I-I after a view, whether in the form of a snap shot, serial panoramic view, or continuous panoramic view has been taken, I provide a marker R for the continuous panoramic view, this marker being provided with a point R', and secured on a transversely-extending shaft R2, mounted to turn in suitable bearings arranged on the bottom F' and one side of the casing A. The outer end of this shaft R2 is provided with a button R5, under the control of the operator, to permit the latter to turn the shaft R2 to swing the point R in contact with that part of the film passing over the guide G4 to punch a hole in the film, thus indicatnig the end of the picture taken at onerevolution of the camera.

For snap shots and serial panoramic views I provide a marker R4, having a point and secured on a rod R5, mounted to slide in the back A4 of the casing and adapted to engage the film at or near the rod I to mark the same. The rod R5 is pressed on by a spring R6 to normally hold the marker out of contact with the film, and on the outer end of the said rod is arranged a button R7, under the control of the operator, to pull the marker R4 in contact with the lm after a picture has been taken.

A shutter S for the lens B is arranged between the front A and the partition C, and

this shutter is preferably made of a piece ofv IOO IIO

sheet metal triangular in shape, as indicated in Fig. 1l, and is pivoted at its lower corner at S on the front face ot the partition C. A pin S2 projects from the shutter S below the pivot S, and this pin S2 is engaged by the t'ree end of a spring-wire S3, secured at S4 to the partition (l. The wire SS is preferably made U-shaped, with its front end resting against a projection S5 on a rod S6, mounted to slide transversely in suitable bearings in the casing, one end of the said rod extending through the side of the casing to carry at its outer end a knob ST adapted to be locked in place by a spring-catch SS.

Now, by reference to Fig. 4 it will be seen that the shutter S normally is in a closed position resting with one side on a stop S9, and when the operator presses on the knob S7 the spring Si" causes the shutter S to swing into an open position, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4, with the opposite side of the shutter abutting` against a stop S10. (See Fig. 4.) As soon as the operator releases the pressure on the knob S7 the shutter S again flies shut by the action of the spring S3. It desired the shutter may be locked in an open position by the catch SS, previously mentioned.

As illustrated in Fig. 7, the dark chamber F may be made in the form indicatedthat is, having two side walls F4 diverging so as to form at the rear end a narrow slot in a curved plate F5, over which passes the film I'I from the spool K to the roller J and winding up on the roller L. In this case the slide is simply represented by a single plate G resting on the back A4 ot the camera-casing.

As shown in Fig. ll, the slide to be used in the camera-casing is arranged for snap-shots or panoramic views in series, and in this case the slide G6 is without a slot, and the film II, passing over the front of the slide GG, is exposed to the action of the rays of light passing through the lens, it being understood that the film is moved continuously while the camera revolves part of a revolution, as previously described, so that the tilm will present that new surface to the rays of light which is essential to the operation ofthe camera. The slide GG is provided with rests G7 and vertical rods I I2, over which passes the film to guide the latter over the front of the slide, as previously explained.

As shown in Fig. l0, the tripod O is used with an extension O2 in the shape of a conical post formed at its upper base end with a recess O3, adapted to receive the disk O', carrying the shaft N. This extension-tripod is very desirable at times to elevate the cameracasing a suilicient distance above the part on which the tripod O is supported.

Then taking snap -shots or panoramic views in series, it is desirable to indicate to the operator the position of the wheel Q, and consequently that of the film; and for this purpose I provide the shaft K ot the roller II with a gear-wheel K5 in mesh with a gearwheel T, secured to a shaft T journaled in the top of the casing A. On the outer end of this shaft T is secured a knob T2 under the control of the operator, and on this shaft is also secured a dial T3 in a recess in the top of the easing and adapted to appear in a slot AT leading to the said recess, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6. A pointer AS, fixed in the top ct' the casing, indicates on the numerals marked on the dial T3, so that the operator can see at a glance the position the film has relative to the slide G.

When it is desired to use the apparatus tor making a continuous panoramic View, the operator gives a full turn to the camera-casing A at the time the shutter S is opened and locked in position by the catch S8, so that the film II is drawn over the guide G4 by the action ot' the roller K rotated by the gear-wheel- KS, as previously explained. Thus the tilm is wound up on the roller Ii and unwound from the roller .I and drawn over the `guide G=l during the exposure, after which the shutter is closed to prevent further light passing into the dark chamber F. The operator now turns the knob R3 to mark with the point R the film at the end of the picture, after which the cameracasing can be again turned for a second full revolution to take another continuous panoramic view.

For taking panoramic views in series or sections I make use of the bolt Q2 in the manner previously described, so that the camera rotates part of a revolution, and a corresponding amount of film is passed over the guide Gl for this view. The picture is then marked at or near the rod I by the marker R".

In the top of the camera-casing A is arranged a level U, for properly leveling the casing, and is preferably made with a ball U', held loosely in a chamber formed in the top of the easing and having a plane bottom parallel with the top of the casing A, a glass plate U2 being arranged over the chamber, as plainly indicated in Fig. 2.

It will be seen that as long as the ball U does not roll about on the circular plate U2 the camera is not leveled, and when the ball rolls from side to side the operator will know that further adjustment is necessary.

It will be observed that in my invention the axis of the casing and that on which the casing swings in the operation et' photographing is not aligned with the axis of the lens as in other devices of its class, but is midway between the lens and the film. By this arrangement my invention operates on a principle diierent from those which have an axis equal to the axis of the lens, since with my invention the lens moves to an extent equal to the movement of the film, and both are timed so that a new surface on the film will be presented to the rays of light as fast as they are changed in the lens.

I'Iaving thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. A panoramic, photographic camera, com- ICO IIO

fing a slot adapted to be opened Wide or partly closed by a plate, the said slide being also providedwith a guide in the rear of theysaid slot, and a feeding device outside of the said chamber and. within the casing, the said device being adapted to feed the film over the said slide guide, substantially as shown and described.

2. A panoramic, photographic camera,pro vided with a removable guide formed With a vertically-disposed slot, a plate held adjustable on the said guide over the said slot, and a guide forming part of the said plate and arranged in the rear of the'said slot, substantially as shown and described.

3. A panoramic, photographic camera, comprising a camera casing, a shaft on which the said casing is mounted to turn, a ratchet wheel secured on the said shaft, a gear Wheel carrying a pawl engaging the said ratchet wheel, a film feeding roller having a gear wheel in mesh with the'said pawl gear wheel, a notched wheel secured on the said shaft, and a springpressed bolt under the vcontrol of the operator, and adapted to .engagevthe notches in the said wheel, substantially as shown and described. v

At. In a photographic camera,l a casing mounted capable of rotary movement, a dark chamber Within the casing,` a lens, a spur Wheel fast on the axis of the camera, a film roller revolved by the spur Wheehand a second film roller (3o-operating With the first, substantially as described. y

5. In a photographic camera, a revolubly mounted casing, a dark chamber contained therein, `a lens Within the casing, the dark chamber having a slot formed `in one side, a

guide outside of the dark chamber and di-A rectly opposite the slot, a roller capable of carryingthe film, a second roller forunwinding the filmen the first roller, said second roller having movable bearings', springs for pressing on the bearings of the second roller, an idler roller against which the second roller is pressed by the springsofits bearings, 'and a spur Wheel fixed on the axis of the camera and meshing with the idler roller, substantially as described.

6. In a photographic camera, a casing mounted capable of rotary movement, a dark chamber Within the casing a lens, film feeding mechanism, a disk fixed to the axis of the casing and having peripheral notches therein, and a spring-pressed bolt Within the casing and operating with the notches of the disk, substantially as described.

7. In a photographic camera, having a casing, a dark chamber Within the casing, a lens,

film feeding mechanism, a shaft revolubly mounted Within the dark chamber and projecting outside of the casing, and an arm fixed to the shaft and having a spur on its extremity, said spur being capable of movement with the shaft to mark the film, substantially as described.

8. In a photographic camera, a casinar mounted capable of rotary movement, a dark chamber contained within the casing, a lens, film feeding mechanisnn'a coil spring fixed-to the axis of the casing and having an eye at its free end, a vertically movable rod within the casing, an arm projecting therefrom, and a pin fixed to the arm and capable of removable connection with the eye on the spring, substantially as described.

9. In a photographic camera, a casing mounted capable of rotary movement, a dark chamber within the casing, a lens, film feeding mechanism, a coil spring fixed to the axis of the casing, a vertically movable rod in the casing, and a pin on the rod and capable of removable connection with the free end ot' the coil spring, substantially as described.

IO. In a photographic camera, a casing mounted to be capable of rotary movement, a dark chamber Within the casing, a lens, film end fixed to the axis of the casing, and a ver# ".tically movable pin in the casing and capable of removable connection with the free end of the coil spring, substantially as described.

ll. In a photographic camera, a casing mounted capable of rotary movement, a dark chamber within the casing, a lens, a slide forming one side of the dark chamber and having a slot therein, the said slot and the lens being arranged on opposite sides of the axis of the casing and at equidistant points therefrom, and film feeding mechanism capable of passing the film by the slot in the slide, substantially as described.

l2. ln a photographic camera, a revolubly mountedcasing, a dark chamber Within, a lensrlm feeding mechanism, a disk fixed to the axis of the casing and having peripheral notches formed therein, a spring-pressed bolt capable of movement toward and from the disk and operating with thenotches therein, a knob fixed to the bolt and projecting outside of the casing, and an arm mounted outside ot' the casing and capable of removable connection with the knob, substantially as described.

13. In a photographic camera, a casing having a lens orifice, a shutter pivotally mounted on the casing and capable of swinging to open and close the lens orifice, a spring fixed tothe casing and having a sliding connection with the shutter, the tendency otl the spring being to keep the shutter over the lens orifice, and a reciprocal rod mounted in the casing and having a pin thereon capable of engagement with the spring and of moving the same against its tendency, substantially as described.

I-lORATIO GATES WOOD. Witnesses: l

BENJAMIN MARSH, 2d, ALMIRA F. HARRIS.

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